NANOMATERIALS

Nanomaterials are chemical substances or materials that are manufactured and used at a very small scale. Nanomaterials are developed to exhibit novel characteristics compared to the same material without nanoscale features, such as increased strength, chemical reactivity or conductivity.

Nanomaterials can be defined as materials possessing, at minimum, one external dimension measuring 1-100nm. These materials can have different physical and chemical properties to their bulk-form counterparts.

Nano-sized particles exist in nature and can be created from a variety of products, such as carbon or minerals like silver, but nanomaterials by definition must have at least one dimension that is less than approximately 100 nanometers.

Nanoparticles are now being used in the manufacture of scratchproof eyeglasses, crack- resistant paints, anti-graffiti coatings for walls, transparent sunscreens, stain-repellent fabrics, self-cleaning windows and ceramic coatings for solar cells.

Nanomaterials have extremely small size which having at least one dimension 100 nm or less. Nanomaterials can be Nanoscale in one dimension, two dimensions, or three dimensions. They can exist in single, fused, aggregated or agglomerated forms with spherical, tubular, and irregular shapes.

Due to the ability to generate the materials in a particular way to play a specific role, the use of nanomaterials spans across various industries, from healthcare and cosmetics to environmental preservation and air purification.

Nanomaterials are so small that they can enter biological tissue. Nanoparticles of silver are added to a special type of sock. Nanoparticles have a very high surface area to volume ratio and make excellent catalysts. Self-cleaning window panes have nanomaterials coatings.

Size, shape, specific surface area, aspect ratio, Agglomeration/aggregation state, Size distribution,  Surface morphology/topography, Structure, including crystallinity and defect structure, Solubility.

The healthcare field, for example, utilises nanomaterials in a variety of ways, with one major use being drug delivery. One example of this process is whereby nanoparticles are being developed to assist the transportation of chemotherapy drugs directly to cancerous growths, as well as to deliver drugs to areas of arteries that are damaged in order to fight cardiovascular disease. Carbon nanotubes are also being developed in order to be used in processes such as the addition of antibodies to the nanotubes to create bacteria sensors.

Wider use of nanomaterials will lead to increases in environmental exposure. Little is known about how they may then behave in air, water or soil. They may be concentrated in particular “hot spots”, either by clumping together with minerals or by interaction with organic matter. Like other pollutants, they may pass from organism to organism, and perhaps move up food chains.

Potential topics include:

Nanomaterials

Properties

Characteristics

Applications

Effect on environment

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Regards,
Nicola B
Editorial Team
Journal of  Biochemistry and Biotechnology